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Basics of Interest Rates & Finance Charges

Here's how interest rates and charges are determined...

The fee you pay for the privilege of borrowing money from a lender or creditor is known as the interest rate. It is expressed as an annual percentage and can be calculated in numerous ways. Not only can the interest rate itself be determined through several methods, but the way it is applied to your monthly credit card bill can vary as well. Here's the basics of interest rates and interest charges:

Most credit cards charge fees under certain circumstances:

Make sure you're aware of any fees you may incur while using your credit card. Fees can add up quickly, and they can offset a lower APR if you're not careful. Here are some fees to watch:

Annual fee (sometimes billed monthly). Charged for having the card

Cash advance fee. Charge when you use the card for a cash advance; may be a flat fee (for example, $3.00) or a percentage of the cash advance (for example, 3%)

Balance-transfer fee. Charge when you transfer a balance from another credit card (Your credit card company may send you “checks” to pay off the other card. The balance is transferred when you use one of these checks to pay the amount due on the other card.)

Late-payment fee. Charge if your payment is received past the due date

Over-the-credit-limit fee. Charge if you go over your credit limit

Credit-limit-increase fee. Charge for an increase in your credit limit

Set-up fee. Charge when a new credit card account is opened

Return-item fee. Charge if you pay your bill by check and the check is returned for non-sufficient funds (that is, your check bounces)

Other fees. Some credit card companies charge a fee if you pay by telephone or to cover the costs of reporting to credit bureaus, reviewing your account, or providing other customer services. Pay close attention to your credit card agreement for other fees and charges.

There are multiple ways to calculate interest charges

Credit card companies use one of several methods to calculate the outstanding balance of your credit card; and thus, your interest charges. The method they use can make a big difference in how much interest you’ll pay over time. It can be calculated:

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  • Over one billing cycle or two,
  • Using the adjusted balance, the average daily balance, or the
    previous balance, and
  • Including or excluding new purchases in the balance.

* For more details, see Methods for Calculating Interest Charges.

Depending on the balance you carry and the timing of your purchases and payments, you’ll have a lower finance charge with one-cycle billing and either:

  • The average daily balance method excluding new purchases,
  • The adjusted balance method, or
  • The previous balance method.
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